It is frustrating to get trees and shrubs established and then find that venison on legs have destroyed them. I am seeing a good deal of this damage and my idea is to plant generously so that I know there will be survivors. The deer graze neatly pruned rounded tops to plants, or shred off the bark with their sharp teeth, or eat off the growing shoots completely leaving a jagged end.
Bark stripped by deer
eat hay - Helen Pitel 